HEALTH PROMOTION PROJECT
Description of the Problem
Influenza is a viral infection that attacks the respiratory system with the nose, throat and lungs being involved most of the time. Influenza, commonly called the flu, is not the same as the stomach "flu" virus that causes diarrhea and vomiting. Flu (influenza) viruses are divided into three broad categories: influenza A, B or C. Influenza A is the most common type. H1N1 flu is a variety of influenza A. H1N1 indicates the viral serotype; it is shorthand for characteristics that identify the virus to the immune system and allows the virus to enter the cells. There are many different strands of H1N1 flu. Each year flu vaccine include a variety of influenza A, both H1N1 and H3N2 and influenza B (CDC, 2013).
Seasonal flu kills about 23,000 people each year in the United States, while hospitalizing more than 200,000, and the flu costs the United States more than $10 billion dollars in direct medical expenses and lost productivity (Harvard Medical School, 2010). Influenza is more likely to cause severe illnesses in pregnant women than in women who are not pregnant. Changes in the immune system such as the heart and lungs during pregnancy make pregnant women more prone to severe illnesses from the flu as well as hospitalization and even death. Pregnant women with the flu also have a greater chance of serious problems with their unborn babies, including premature labor and delivery. Flu shots will protect the pregnant mother and her unborn baby while protecting the baby after birth. Getting the mother to take the flu shot is the first and most important step in protecting against influenza. A flu shot given during pregnancy has been shown to protect both the mother and her baby, up to 6 months old, from getting the flu. Pregnant women who get the flu (influenza) vaccine pass their immunity to their babies in the form of flu antibodies. This protection lasts for several months after birth. Influenza protection has been seen in newborns up to four months old. Babies born to women who were not vaccinated during pregnancy showed no antibody protection (Launay, 2012). The nasal spray vaccine should NOT be given to mother who is pregnant. In addition to getting the flu shot, pregnant women should take additional everyday preventive actions, such as washing their hands, covering their mouth when they cough, do not smoke, and do not spread germs from school, home and work. If a person gets sick with flu-like symptoms, call the doctor right away. If needed, the doctor will prescribe an antiviral medicine that will treat the flu-like symptoms. Having a fever caused by flu infection or other infections early in pregnancy can lead to birth defects in the unborn child. Women who are pregnant and get the fever should be treated for their fever with Tylenol or a store brand equivalent to Tylenol and contact their doctor as soon as possible. The mother should seek medical treatment if the following happens: has difficulty breathing or a shortness of breath, pain or pressure in the chest or the abdomen, sudden dizziness, confusion, severe or persistent vomiting, and a high fever that is not responding to Tylenol or, store brand equivalent to Tylenol, or decreased or no movement of the baby.
Implementation Of Project
In the implementation of this preventive serve project, this part was fairly easy because in Baldwin County, the OBGYN offices are going above and beyond to get the word out about the flu (influenza) vaccination within the pregnant population. Currently, at my clinical site with Dr. Corbett, located in Foley, Alabama; the preventive serve project will be implemented on October 21, 2013, which will give the vaccination plenty of time to be received while being ready for the women that would like to get them early before the flu (influenza) season starts this year. The goal is to get one hundred percent participation from the pregnant women who have not yet received there flu (influenza) vaccination. The women who will be coming in for women’s health that day are just as important and I would like to get them to participate as well. In order to make sure that this preventive serve project works, I have spoken with the staff and they are definitely on board with me. There will be evaluation forms on the back side of this project that the staff has all agreed on to help me get this accomplished. The staff that will be provided for my collaboration in this preventive serve project will be one doctor, one nurse practitioner, two registered nurses, two nurse assistants, and two office personnel. Another goal set for this day will be for all the evaluation forms to be completed, so I will be able to see how well the staff and I performed during this preventive serve project.
Design/Delivery of the Project
During pregnancy, the flu (influenza) poses a serious threat to the woman’s health and to the baby's health also. Pregnancy increases the risk of developing serious complications of the flu, such as pneumonia. In turn, flu complications increase the risk of preterm labor, premature birth and other pregnancy problems. Although it is important to be cautious with any medication during pregnancy, research supports the safety of prescription antiviral medication- such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) - to treat flu during pregnancy (Launay, 2012). If the pregnant women have signs and symptoms of the flu, they should contact their health care provider right away. He or she will help the pregnant women decide if an antiviral medication is right for her. If the health care provider prescribes an antiviral medication, remember that the medication is most effective when taken within forty eight hours of the first signs or symptoms; although benefits are still possible even if the medication is taken later. If the pregnant women have a fever, the health care provider might recommend her taking acetaminophen (Tylenol, or others) as well. Some studies have shown an increased risk of neural tube defects- serious abnormalities of the brain or spinal cord- in the babies of women who experience high fevers during the first four to six weeks of pregnancy. The flu shot is the best way to protect the pregnant mother and her baby from the dangers of the flu during pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a flu shot for anyone who is pregnant during flu season- typically November through January or as late as March, unless the pregnant mother has had a severe reaction to a previous flu vaccination (CDC, 2013). When the mother gets her flu shot, she should be advised to get a flu vaccination and NOT a nasal spray vaccine. The flu shot is made from an inactivated virus, so it is safe for both mother and baby during any stage of pregnancy. The nasal spray vaccine is made from a live virus, which makes it less appropriate during pregnancy or while women are trying to conceive. Normally, vaccines that contain inactivated (killed) viruses can be given during pregnancy. Vaccines that contain live viruses are NOT recommended for pregnant women. Two vaccines are routinely recommended during pregnancy:
· Influenza (flu) shot. The flu shot is recommended for women who are pregnant during flu season- typically November through March. The flu shot is made from an inactivated virus, so it is safe for both mother and baby. Avoid the nasal spray vaccine, which is made from a live virus.
· Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. One dose of Tdap vaccine is recommended during each pregnancy to offer protection from whooping cough (pertussis), tetanus and diphtheria, regardless of when the pregnant woman has had her last Tdap or tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination. Ideally, the vaccine should be given between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Whooping cough can be dangerous and even life-threatening for infants. Getting the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy can help protect the mother from the infection and might also help protect the baby after birth. In addition, if the mother is traveling abroad or the pregnant woman is at an increased risk of certain infections, the health care provider may recommend other vaccines during pregnancy such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, meningococcal or pneumococcal vaccines. Certain vaccines should generally be avoided during pregnancy, including: Varicella (chickenpox), Human papillomavirus, Measles, mumps and rubella, Zoster (Mayo Clinic, 2013).
Identifying Theorist
Identifying a theorist for my teaching prevention serve project was somewhat difficult. When I teach a group of students, elderly people or pregnant women in this case, I really do not think about theorist and how it relates to this particular project. The social learning theory from Albert Bandura is the one I have chosen for my preventive serve project. Bandura’s social learning theory suggests that people learn from one another, through observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. People learn by observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. “Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” (Bandura, 1977). The social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. There are necessary conditions for effective modeling which include- Attention- various factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid. These include distinctiveness, affective valence, prevalence, complexity, functional value. One’s characteristics (e.g. sensory capacities, arousal level, and perceptual set, past reinforcement) affect attention. Retention- remembering what you paid attention to when you were being taught. This includes symbolic coding, mental images, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal, motor rehearsal. Reproduction- reproducing the image, including physical capabilities, and self-observation of reproduction. Motivation- having a good reason to imitate (Bandura, 1977).
Within this preventive serve project, I will be using retention as a teaching and learning process, so these women will know how important it is for everyone to get their flu (influenza) shots. This teaching and learning process will be done by stressing the importance of getting the flu shot, even if you are going to be a mother soon. The staff and I have pass out brochures which I have attained from the CDC. Copies of the brochures were passed out to the women that day for my preventive serve project. The article “Pregnant Women Need a Flu Shot” by the CDC and I also provided websites, as well as questions and answers for these pregnant women. The preventive serve project will teach them about promoting health to their self and their unborn child early on in the pregnancy. The project will help with the prevention of the flu and management of acute care problem that could turn into something more serious.
Evaluation
For the evaluation of this preventive serve project, I feel that the staff and I did a great job getting the patients that day to understand the importance of the flu shot project for their self and their unborn child. We did not get a hundred percent participation from the women’s health but we did get all the pregnant women to participate on this day if they had not already had the flu shot.
Description of the Problem
Influenza is a viral infection that attacks the respiratory system with the nose, throat and lungs being involved most of the time. Influenza, commonly called the flu, is not the same as the stomach "flu" virus that causes diarrhea and vomiting. Flu (influenza) viruses are divided into three broad categories: influenza A, B or C. Influenza A is the most common type. H1N1 flu is a variety of influenza A. H1N1 indicates the viral serotype; it is shorthand for characteristics that identify the virus to the immune system and allows the virus to enter the cells. There are many different strands of H1N1 flu. Each year flu vaccine include a variety of influenza A, both H1N1 and H3N2 and influenza B (CDC, 2013).
Seasonal flu kills about 23,000 people each year in the United States, while hospitalizing more than 200,000, and the flu costs the United States more than $10 billion dollars in direct medical expenses and lost productivity (Harvard Medical School, 2010). Influenza is more likely to cause severe illnesses in pregnant women than in women who are not pregnant. Changes in the immune system such as the heart and lungs during pregnancy make pregnant women more prone to severe illnesses from the flu as well as hospitalization and even death. Pregnant women with the flu also have a greater chance of serious problems with their unborn babies, including premature labor and delivery. Flu shots will protect the pregnant mother and her unborn baby while protecting the baby after birth. Getting the mother to take the flu shot is the first and most important step in protecting against influenza. A flu shot given during pregnancy has been shown to protect both the mother and her baby, up to 6 months old, from getting the flu. Pregnant women who get the flu (influenza) vaccine pass their immunity to their babies in the form of flu antibodies. This protection lasts for several months after birth. Influenza protection has been seen in newborns up to four months old. Babies born to women who were not vaccinated during pregnancy showed no antibody protection (Launay, 2012). The nasal spray vaccine should NOT be given to mother who is pregnant. In addition to getting the flu shot, pregnant women should take additional everyday preventive actions, such as washing their hands, covering their mouth when they cough, do not smoke, and do not spread germs from school, home and work. If a person gets sick with flu-like symptoms, call the doctor right away. If needed, the doctor will prescribe an antiviral medicine that will treat the flu-like symptoms. Having a fever caused by flu infection or other infections early in pregnancy can lead to birth defects in the unborn child. Women who are pregnant and get the fever should be treated for their fever with Tylenol or a store brand equivalent to Tylenol and contact their doctor as soon as possible. The mother should seek medical treatment if the following happens: has difficulty breathing or a shortness of breath, pain or pressure in the chest or the abdomen, sudden dizziness, confusion, severe or persistent vomiting, and a high fever that is not responding to Tylenol or, store brand equivalent to Tylenol, or decreased or no movement of the baby.
Implementation Of Project
In the implementation of this preventive serve project, this part was fairly easy because in Baldwin County, the OBGYN offices are going above and beyond to get the word out about the flu (influenza) vaccination within the pregnant population. Currently, at my clinical site with Dr. Corbett, located in Foley, Alabama; the preventive serve project will be implemented on October 21, 2013, which will give the vaccination plenty of time to be received while being ready for the women that would like to get them early before the flu (influenza) season starts this year. The goal is to get one hundred percent participation from the pregnant women who have not yet received there flu (influenza) vaccination. The women who will be coming in for women’s health that day are just as important and I would like to get them to participate as well. In order to make sure that this preventive serve project works, I have spoken with the staff and they are definitely on board with me. There will be evaluation forms on the back side of this project that the staff has all agreed on to help me get this accomplished. The staff that will be provided for my collaboration in this preventive serve project will be one doctor, one nurse practitioner, two registered nurses, two nurse assistants, and two office personnel. Another goal set for this day will be for all the evaluation forms to be completed, so I will be able to see how well the staff and I performed during this preventive serve project.
Design/Delivery of the Project
During pregnancy, the flu (influenza) poses a serious threat to the woman’s health and to the baby's health also. Pregnancy increases the risk of developing serious complications of the flu, such as pneumonia. In turn, flu complications increase the risk of preterm labor, premature birth and other pregnancy problems. Although it is important to be cautious with any medication during pregnancy, research supports the safety of prescription antiviral medication- such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) - to treat flu during pregnancy (Launay, 2012). If the pregnant women have signs and symptoms of the flu, they should contact their health care provider right away. He or she will help the pregnant women decide if an antiviral medication is right for her. If the health care provider prescribes an antiviral medication, remember that the medication is most effective when taken within forty eight hours of the first signs or symptoms; although benefits are still possible even if the medication is taken later. If the pregnant women have a fever, the health care provider might recommend her taking acetaminophen (Tylenol, or others) as well. Some studies have shown an increased risk of neural tube defects- serious abnormalities of the brain or spinal cord- in the babies of women who experience high fevers during the first four to six weeks of pregnancy. The flu shot is the best way to protect the pregnant mother and her baby from the dangers of the flu during pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a flu shot for anyone who is pregnant during flu season- typically November through January or as late as March, unless the pregnant mother has had a severe reaction to a previous flu vaccination (CDC, 2013). When the mother gets her flu shot, she should be advised to get a flu vaccination and NOT a nasal spray vaccine. The flu shot is made from an inactivated virus, so it is safe for both mother and baby during any stage of pregnancy. The nasal spray vaccine is made from a live virus, which makes it less appropriate during pregnancy or while women are trying to conceive. Normally, vaccines that contain inactivated (killed) viruses can be given during pregnancy. Vaccines that contain live viruses are NOT recommended for pregnant women. Two vaccines are routinely recommended during pregnancy:
· Influenza (flu) shot. The flu shot is recommended for women who are pregnant during flu season- typically November through March. The flu shot is made from an inactivated virus, so it is safe for both mother and baby. Avoid the nasal spray vaccine, which is made from a live virus.
· Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. One dose of Tdap vaccine is recommended during each pregnancy to offer protection from whooping cough (pertussis), tetanus and diphtheria, regardless of when the pregnant woman has had her last Tdap or tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination. Ideally, the vaccine should be given between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Whooping cough can be dangerous and even life-threatening for infants. Getting the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy can help protect the mother from the infection and might also help protect the baby after birth. In addition, if the mother is traveling abroad or the pregnant woman is at an increased risk of certain infections, the health care provider may recommend other vaccines during pregnancy such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, meningococcal or pneumococcal vaccines. Certain vaccines should generally be avoided during pregnancy, including: Varicella (chickenpox), Human papillomavirus, Measles, mumps and rubella, Zoster (Mayo Clinic, 2013).
Identifying Theorist
Identifying a theorist for my teaching prevention serve project was somewhat difficult. When I teach a group of students, elderly people or pregnant women in this case, I really do not think about theorist and how it relates to this particular project. The social learning theory from Albert Bandura is the one I have chosen for my preventive serve project. Bandura’s social learning theory suggests that people learn from one another, through observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. People learn by observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. “Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” (Bandura, 1977). The social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. There are necessary conditions for effective modeling which include- Attention- various factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid. These include distinctiveness, affective valence, prevalence, complexity, functional value. One’s characteristics (e.g. sensory capacities, arousal level, and perceptual set, past reinforcement) affect attention. Retention- remembering what you paid attention to when you were being taught. This includes symbolic coding, mental images, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal, motor rehearsal. Reproduction- reproducing the image, including physical capabilities, and self-observation of reproduction. Motivation- having a good reason to imitate (Bandura, 1977).
Within this preventive serve project, I will be using retention as a teaching and learning process, so these women will know how important it is for everyone to get their flu (influenza) shots. This teaching and learning process will be done by stressing the importance of getting the flu shot, even if you are going to be a mother soon. The staff and I have pass out brochures which I have attained from the CDC. Copies of the brochures were passed out to the women that day for my preventive serve project. The article “Pregnant Women Need a Flu Shot” by the CDC and I also provided websites, as well as questions and answers for these pregnant women. The preventive serve project will teach them about promoting health to their self and their unborn child early on in the pregnancy. The project will help with the prevention of the flu and management of acute care problem that could turn into something more serious.
Evaluation
For the evaluation of this preventive serve project, I feel that the staff and I did a great job getting the patients that day to understand the importance of the flu shot project for their self and their unborn child. We did not get a hundred percent participation from the women’s health but we did get all the pregnant women to participate on this day if they had not already had the flu shot.
influenza_is_pregnancy_an_infection_risk.pptx | |
File Size: | 881 kb |
File Type: | pptx |